// Copyright 2008-2016 Conrad Sanderson (http://conradsanderson.id.au)
// Copyright 2008-2016 National ICT Australia (NICTA)
// 
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// 
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------


using std::cout;
using std::cerr;
using std::endl;
using std::ios;
using std::size_t;

template<typename elem_type, typename derived> struct Base;
template<typename elem_type, typename derived> struct BaseCube;

template<typename eT> class Mat;
template<typename eT> class Col;
template<typename eT> class Row;
template<typename eT> class Cube;
template<typename eT> class xvec_htrans;
template<typename oT> class field;

template<typename eT, bool do_conj> class xtrans_mat;


template<typename eT> class subview;
template<typename eT> class subview_col;
template<typename eT> class subview_row;
template<typename eT> class subview_row_strans;
template<typename eT> class subview_row_htrans;
template<typename eT> class subview_cube;
template<typename oT> class subview_field;

template<typename eT> class SpValProxy;
template<typename eT> class SpMat;
template<typename eT> class SpCol;
template<typename eT> class SpRow;
template<typename eT> class SpSubview;

template<typename eT> class diagview;
template<typename eT> class spdiagview;

template<typename eT> class MapMat;
template<typename eT> class MapMat_val;
template<typename eT> class SpMat_MapMat_val;
template<typename eT> class SpSubview_MapMat_val;

template<typename eT, typename T1>              class subview_elem1;
template<typename eT, typename T1, typename T2> class subview_elem2;

template<typename parent, unsigned int mode>              class subview_each1;
template<typename parent, unsigned int mode, typename TB> class subview_each2;

template<typename eT>              class subview_cube_each1;
template<typename eT, typename TB> class subview_cube_each2;
template<typename eT, typename T1> class subview_cube_slices;


class SizeMat;
class SizeCube;

class arma_empty_class {};

class diskio;

class op_strans;
class op_htrans;
class op_htrans2;
class op_inv;
class op_inv_sympd;
class op_diagmat;
class op_trimat;
class op_vectorise_row;
class op_vectorise_col;
class glue_times;
class glue_times_diag;

class glue_rel_lt;
class glue_rel_gt;
class glue_rel_lteq;
class glue_rel_gteq;
class glue_rel_eq;
class glue_rel_noteq;
class glue_rel_and;
class glue_rel_or;

class op_rel_lt_pre;
class op_rel_lt_post;
class op_rel_gt_pre;
class op_rel_gt_post;
class op_rel_lteq_pre;
class op_rel_lteq_post;
class op_rel_gteq_pre;
class op_rel_gteq_post;
class op_rel_eq;
class op_rel_noteq;

class gen_eye;
class gen_ones;
class gen_zeros;
class gen_randu;
class gen_randn;



class spop_strans;
class spop_htrans;
class spop_vectorise_row;
class spop_vectorise_col;

class spglue_plus;
class spglue_minus;
class spglue_schur;
class spglue_times;
class spglue_max;
class spglue_min;
class spglue_rel_lt;
class spglue_rel_gt;



class op_internal_equ;
class op_internal_plus;
class op_internal_minus;
class op_internal_schur;
class op_internal_div;



struct traits_op_default
  {
  template<typename T1>
  struct traits
    {
    static const bool is_row  = false;
    static const bool is_col  = false;
    static const bool is_xvec = false;
    };
  };


struct traits_op_xvec
  {
  template<typename T1>
  struct traits
    {
    static const bool is_row  = false;
    static const bool is_col  = false;
    static const bool is_xvec = true;
    };
  };


struct traits_op_col
  {
  template<typename T1>
  struct traits
    {
    static const bool is_row  = false;
    static const bool is_col  = true;
    static const bool is_xvec = false;
    };
  };


struct traits_op_row
  {
  template<typename T1>
  struct traits
    {
    static const bool is_row  = true;
    static const bool is_col  = false;
    static const bool is_xvec = false;
    };
  };


struct traits_op_passthru
  {
  template<typename T1>
  struct traits
    {
    static const bool is_row  = T1::is_row;
    static const bool is_col  = T1::is_col;
    static const bool is_xvec = T1::is_xvec;
    };
  };


struct traits_glue_default
  {
  template<typename T1, typename T2>
  struct traits
    {
    static const bool is_row  = false;
    static const bool is_col  = false;
    static const bool is_xvec = false;
    };
  };


struct traits_glue_or
  {
  template<typename T1, typename T2>
  struct traits
    {
    static const bool is_row  = (T1::is_row  || T2::is_row );
    static const bool is_col  = (T1::is_col  || T2::is_col );
    static const bool is_xvec = (T1::is_xvec || T2::is_xvec);
    };
  };



template<const bool, const bool, const bool, const bool> class gemm;
template<const bool, const bool, const bool>             class gemv;


template<                 typename eT, typename gen_type> class  Gen; 

template<                 typename T1, typename  op_type> class          Op; 
template<                 typename T1, typename eop_type> class         eOp;
template<                 typename T1, typename  op_type> class     SpToDOp; 
template<                 typename T1, typename  op_type> class CubeToMatOp;
template<typename out_eT, typename T1, typename  op_type> class        mtOp;

template<                 typename T1, typename T2, typename  glue_type> class   Glue;
template<                 typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> class  eGlue;
template<typename out_eT, typename T1, typename T2, typename  glue_type> class mtGlue;



template<                 typename eT, typename gen_type> class  GenCube; 

template<                 typename T1, typename  op_type> class   OpCube; 
template<                 typename T1, typename eop_type> class  eOpCube; 
template<typename out_eT, typename T1, typename  op_type> class mtOpCube;

template<                 typename T1, typename T2, typename  glue_type> class   GlueCube;
template<                 typename T1, typename T2, typename eglue_type> class  eGlueCube;
template<typename out_eT, typename T1, typename T2, typename  glue_type> class mtGlueCube;


template<typename T1> class Proxy;
template<typename T1> class ProxyCube;

template<typename T1> class diagmat_proxy;

template<typename T1> struct unwrap;
template<typename T1> struct unwrap_cube;
template<typename T1> struct unwrap_spmat;




struct state_type
  {
  #if   defined(ARMA_USE_OPENMP)
                int  state;
  #elif defined(ARMA_USE_CXX11)
    std::atomic<int> state;
  #else
                int  state;
  #endif
  
  arma_inline state_type() : state(int(0)) {}
  
  // openmp: "omp atomic" does an implicit flush on the affected variable
  // C++11:  std::atomic<>::load() and std::atomic<>::store() use std::memory_order_seq_cst by default, which has an implied fence
  
  arma_inline
  operator int () const
    {
    int out;
    
    #if   defined(ARMA_USE_OPENMP)
      #pragma omp atomic read
      out = state;
    #elif defined(ARMA_USE_CXX11)
      out = state.load();
    #else
      out = state;
    #endif
    
    return out;
    }
  
  arma_inline
  void
  operator= (const int in_state)
    {
    #if   defined(ARMA_USE_OPENMP)
      #pragma omp atomic write
      state = in_state;
    #elif defined(ARMA_USE_CXX11)
      state.store(in_state);
    #else
      state = in_state;
    #endif
    }
  };


template<                 typename T1, typename spop_type> class   SpOp;
template<typename out_eT, typename T1, typename spop_type> class mtSpOp;

template<                 typename T1, typename T2, typename spglue_type> class   SpGlue;
template<typename out_eT, typename T1, typename T2, typename spglue_type> class mtSpGlue;


template<typename T1> class SpProxy;



struct arma_vec_indicator     {};
struct arma_fixed_indicator   {};
struct arma_reserve_indicator {};
struct arma_layout_indicator  {};


//! \addtogroup injector
//! @{

template<typename Dummy = int> struct injector_end_of_row {};

static const injector_end_of_row<> endr = injector_end_of_row<>();
//!< endr indicates "end of row" when using the << operator;
//!< similar conceptual meaning to std::endl

//! @}



//! \addtogroup diskio
//! @{


enum file_type
  {
  file_type_unknown,
  auto_detect,        //!< Automatically detect the file type
  raw_ascii,          //!< ASCII format (text), without any other information.
  arma_ascii,         //!< Armadillo ASCII format (text), with information about matrix type and size
  csv_ascii,          //!< comma separated values (CSV), without any other information
  raw_binary,         //!< raw binary format, without any other information.
  arma_binary,        //!< Armadillo binary format, with information about matrix type and size
  pgm_binary,         //!< Portable Grey Map (greyscale image)
  ppm_binary,         //!< Portable Pixel Map (colour image), used by the field and cube classes
  hdf5_binary,        //!< Open binary format, not specific to Armadillo, which can store arbitrary data
  hdf5_binary_trans,  //!< as per hdf5_binary, but save/load the data with columns transposed to rows
  coord_ascii         //!< simple co-ordinate format for sparse matrices
  };


namespace hdf5_opts
  {
  typedef unsigned int flag_type;
  
  struct opts
    {
    const flag_type flags;
    
    inline explicit opts(const flag_type in_flags);
    
    inline const opts operator+(const opts& rhs) const;
    };
  
  inline
  opts::opts(const flag_type in_flags)
    : flags(in_flags)
    {}
  
  inline
  const opts
  opts::operator+(const opts& rhs) const
    {
    const opts result( flags | rhs.flags );
    
    return result;
    }
  
  // The values below (eg. 1u << 0) are for internal Armadillo use only.
  // The values can change without notice.
  
  static const flag_type flag_none    = flag_type(0      );
  static const flag_type flag_trans   = flag_type(1u << 0);
  static const flag_type flag_append  = flag_type(1u << 1);
  static const flag_type flag_replace = flag_type(1u << 2);
  
  struct opts_none    : public opts { inline opts_none()    : opts(flag_none   ) {} };
  struct opts_trans   : public opts { inline opts_trans()   : opts(flag_trans  ) {} };
  struct opts_append  : public opts { inline opts_append()  : opts(flag_append ) {} };
  struct opts_replace : public opts { inline opts_replace() : opts(flag_replace) {} };
  
  static const opts_none    none;
  static const opts_trans   trans;
  static const opts_append  append;
  static const opts_replace replace;
  }


struct hdf5_name
  {
  const std::string     filename;
  const std::string     dsname;
  const hdf5_opts::opts opts;
  
  inline
  hdf5_name(const std::string& in_filename)
    : filename(in_filename    )
    , dsname  (std::string()  )
    , opts    (hdf5_opts::none)
    {}
  
  inline
  hdf5_name(const std::string& in_filename, const std::string& in_dsname, const hdf5_opts::opts& in_opts = hdf5_opts::none)
    : filename(in_filename)
    , dsname  (in_dsname  )
    , opts    (in_opts    )
    {}
  };


//! @}



//! \addtogroup fill
//! @{

namespace fill
  {
  struct fill_none  {};
  struct fill_zeros {};
  struct fill_ones  {};
  struct fill_eye   {};
  struct fill_randu {};
  struct fill_randn {};
  
  template<typename fill_type> 
  struct fill_class { inline fill_class() {} };
  
  static const fill_class<fill_none > none;
  static const fill_class<fill_zeros> zeros;
  static const fill_class<fill_ones > ones;
  static const fill_class<fill_eye  > eye;
  static const fill_class<fill_randu> randu;
  static const fill_class<fill_randn> randn;
  }

//! @}



//! \addtogroup fn_spsolve
//! @{


struct spsolve_opts_base
  {
  const unsigned int id;
  
  inline spsolve_opts_base(const unsigned int in_id) : id(in_id) {}
  };


struct spsolve_opts_none : public spsolve_opts_base
  {
  inline spsolve_opts_none() : spsolve_opts_base(0) {}
  };


struct superlu_opts : public spsolve_opts_base
  {
  typedef enum {NATURAL, MMD_ATA, MMD_AT_PLUS_A, COLAMD} permutation_type;
  
  typedef enum {REF_NONE, REF_SINGLE, REF_DOUBLE, REF_EXTRA} refine_type;
  
  bool             allow_ugly;
  bool             equilibrate;
  bool             symmetric;
  double           pivot_thresh;
  permutation_type permutation;
  refine_type      refine;
  
  inline superlu_opts()
    : spsolve_opts_base(1)
    {
    allow_ugly   = false;
    equilibrate  = false;
    symmetric    = false;
    pivot_thresh = 1.0;
    permutation  = COLAMD;
    refine       = REF_DOUBLE;
    }
  };


//! @}